Liquid crystal display having apertures of varying orientations

ABSTRACT

Apertures are formed in the common electrode or in the pixel electrode of a liquid crystal display to form a fringe field. Storage capacitor electrodes are formed at the position corresponding to the apertures to prevent the light leakage due to the disclination caused by the fringe field. The apertures extend horizontally, vertically or obliquely. The apertures in adjacent pixel regions may have different directions to widen the viewing angle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] (a) Field of the Invention The present invention relates to aliquid crystal display having wide viewing angle.

[0002] (b) Description of the Related Art

[0003] A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes two substrates and aliquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. The transmittance of thelight is controlled by the strength of the electric field applied to theliquid crystal layer.

[0004] A conventional twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal display, whichis one of the most widely used LCD, has a couple of transparentsubstrates which have transparent electrodes respectively on their innersurfaces, a liquid crystal layer between two substrates, and a couple ofpolarizers which are attached to the outer surfaces of the substratesrespectively. In off state of the LCD, i.e., in the state that theelectric field is not applied to the electrodes, the long axes of theliquid crystal molecules are parallel to the substrates and twistedspirally with a constant pitch from the inner surface of one substrateto that of the other substrate, and thus the orientation of the longaxes of the liquid crystal molecules vary continuously.

[0005] However, the contrast ratio of the conventional TN LCD in anormally black mode may not be so high because the incident light is notfully blocked in its off state, i.e., in absence of the electric field.

[0006] To solve this problem, a vertically aligned twisted nematic(VATN) mode LCD is proposed in the U.S. Pat. application Ser. No.3,914,022 and in “Eurodisplay '93”, pp. 158-159 by Takahashi.

[0007] The VATN in normally black mode may have an off state which issufficiently dark, because the liquid crystal molecules are alignedperpendicular to the substrates in off state. However, the viewing angleof the VATN LCD may not be so wide.

[0008] On the other hand, T. Yamamoto et al. disclosed a VATN simplematrix LCD using fringe fields in “SID '91, pp.762-765”, and Lienproposed a structure having an aperture in the pixel electrode to solvethe problem of low transmittance in on state of a simple matrix multidomain VATN.

[0009] However, the structure that Lien proposed may have light leakagegenerated near the aperture.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] It is therefore an object of the present invention to widen theviewing angle of LCD

[0011] It is another object of the present invention to prevent thedisclination of LCD.

[0012] These and other objects, features and advantages are provided,according to the present invention, by a liquid crystal displaycomprising a first substrate having a common electrode, a secondsubstrate having a pixel electrode and a storage capacitor electrode.One of the electrodes has an aperture and the storage capacitorelectrode is located at the position corresponding to the aperture.

[0013] The storage capacitor electrode prevents the light leakage due toa fringe field generated from the aperture.

[0014] Between the first and the second substrates, a liquid crystallayer having negative dielectric anisotropy may be interposed. Theliquid crystal layer may include chiral nematic liquid crystal ornematic liquid crystal having chiral dopant of 0.01-3.0 wt %.

[0015] Two substrates may have alignment layers respectively, to alignthe molecular axes of the liquid crystal molecules perpendicular to thesubstrates. The alignment layers may be rubbed or not.

[0016] The storage capacitor electrode may be connected to a gate lineand the number of the storage capacitor electrode may be more than one.

[0017] It is preferable that the width of the aperture is 3-15 μm andthe distance between the apertures is 8-50 μm.

[0018] To obtain the wide viewing angle, the linear apertures inadjacent pixel regions extend in the different directions For example,if the direction of the aperture of one pixel is parallel to the gateline, the aperture of the adjacent pixel is preferably perpendicular tothe gate line. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules rotate in 4directions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019]FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of the alignment of liquidcrystal molecules of a VATN LCD respectively in black state and whitestate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020]FIG. 2 shows the structure of the electrodes and the alignment ofthe liquid crystal molecules of a VATN LCD according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

[0021]FIG. 3 is a layout view of a common substrate according to thefirst embodiment of the present invention.

[0022]FIG. 4 is a layout view of a TFT (thin film transistor) substrateaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0023]FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a TFT substrate shown in FIG. 4taken along the line V-V′.

[0024]FIG. 6 is a layout view of a common substrate according to thesecond embodiment of the present invention.

[0025]FIG. 7 is a layout view of a TFT substrate according to the secondembodiment of the present invention.

[0026]FIG. 8 is a layout view of a common substrate according to thethird embodiment of the present invention.

[0027]FIG. 9 is a layout view of a TFT substrate according to the thirdembodiment of the present invention.

[0028]FIG. 10 is a layout view of a common substrate according to thefourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0029]FIG. 11 is a layout view of a TFT substrate according to thefourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0030]FIG. 12 is a layout view of a substrate according to an embodimentof the present invention.

[0031]FIGS. 13A and 13B show rotated directions of the liquid crystalmolecules near the apertures.

[0032]FIG. 14 is a layout view of a common substrate according to thefifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0033]FIG. 15 is a layout view of a TFT substrate according to the fifthembodiment of the present invention.

[0034] FIGS. 16-19 are layout views of substrates according to the sixthto the ninth embodiments of the present invention.

[0035]FIG. 20 is a sectional view of LCD according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0036] The present invention will now be described more fullyhereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichpreferred embodiments of the present invention are shown. This inventionmay, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construedas limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, theseembodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough andcomplete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to thoseskilled in the art. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regionsare exaggerated for clarity.

[0037]FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of the alignment of liquidcrystal molecules of a VATN LCD respectively in black state and whitestate according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 showsthe structure of the electrodes and the alignment of the liquid crystalmolecules of a VATN LCD according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

[0038] As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, two glass substrates 1 and 2 arespaced apart from each other. On the inner surfaces of the substrates 1and 2, transparent electrodes 12 and 120 made of a transparentconductive material such as ITO (indium tin oxide) or the like areformed respectively, and alignment layers 14 and 140 are formed thereonrespectively. Between the substrates 1 and 2, a liquid crystal layer 100including a chiral nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectricanisotropy or a nematic liquid crystal doped with chiral dopant of0.01-0.3 wt % is disposed. On the outer surfaces of the substrates 1 and2, polarizers 13 and 130 are attached. The polarizers 13 and 130polarize the rays incident on the liquid crystal layer 100 and the raysout of the liquid crystal layer 100 respectively. The polarizingdirections of the polarizers 13 and 130 are perpendicular to each other.The alignment layers 14 and 140 may be rubbed or not.

[0039]FIG. 1A shows the off state that the electric field is notapplied, where the long molecular axes of the liquid crystal molecules 3in the liquid crystal layer 100 are aligned perpendicular to the surfaceof the substrates 1 and 2 by the aligning force of the alignment layers14 and 140.

[0040] The polarized light by the polarizer 13 attached to the lowersubstrate 1 passes through the liquid crystal layer 100 without changingits polarization. Then, the light is blocked by the analyzer 130attached to the upper substrate 2 to make a black state

[0041]FIG. 1B shows the on state that the sufficient electric field isapplied to the liquid crystal layer 100 by the electrode 4 and 5, wherethe liquid crystal 5 molecules 3 in the liquid crystal layer 100 aretwisted spirally by 90° from the lower substrate 1 to the uppersubstrate 2, and the director of the liquid crystal layer 100 variescontinuously. However, near the inner surfaces of two substrates 1, 2,the aligning force of the alignment layers 14, 140 is larger than theforce due to the applied electric field, and the liquid crystalmolecules stay vertically aligned.

[0042] The polarized light by the polarizer 13 passes through the liquidcrystal layer 100 and its polarization is rotated by 90° according tothe variation of the director of the liquid crystal layer 100.Therefore, the light passes through the analyzer 130 to make a whitestate.

[0043]FIG. 2 shows the structure of the electrodes and the alignment ofthe liquid crystal molecules of a VATN LCD according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. An ITO electrode 4 formed on the upper substrate2 has an aperture 6. In absence of electric field, as shown in FIG 1A,the liquid crystal molecules 3 stay in its vertically aligned state toshow the black state. If the electric field applied to the liquidcrystal layer by the electrodes 4 and 5, in most regions between theelectrodes 4 and 5, the field direction is perpendicular to thesubstrates 1 and 2. However, near the aperture of the ITO electrode 4,the electric field is not completely perpendicular to the substrate 2.The electric field near the aperture is called the fringe field. Thelong axes of the liquid crystal molecules tend to be perpendicular tothe field direction since the liquid crystal layer have negativedielectric anisotropy. Therefore, the directions of the long axes of theliquid crystal molecules are tilted and twisted near the fringe field.

[0044] An LCD according to embodiments of the present invention includesa TFT (thin film transistor) substrate and a common substrate. On theTFT substrate, a plurality of gate lines and data lines crossing eachother are formed, and the gate lines and the data lines define pixelregions. On the common substrate, a common electrode having aperturesand a black matrix which defines pixel regions are formed.

[0045] According to the first to the fourth embodiments of the presentinvention, a storage capacitor electrode is formed at the positioncorresponding to the aperture to shield the light leakage.

[0046] Now, the first embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 3-5.

[0047]FIG. 3 is a layout view of a common substrate of a liquid crystaldisplay according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG.3 shows a pixel region, where a common electrode has apertures.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 3, a black matrix pattern 7 is formed along theboundary of a pixel region P, and a common electrode 6 is formed tocover the entire surface of the common substrate. The common electrode 6has two longitudinally long linear apertures 15 which are spaced apartfrom and parallel to each other in a pixel region.

[0049] It is preferable that the width of the apertures 15 may be 3-15μm, and the distance between the apertures 15 may be 8-50 μm. The widthof 3-12 μm and the distance of 10-30 μm would be better.

[0050]FIG. 4 is a layout view of a TFT substrate according to the firstembodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view ofthe TFT substrate taken along the line V-V′ of FIG. 4.

[0051] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a first and a second gate lines 81 and82 spaced apart from each other are formed on a transparent glasssubstrate 20, and extend in the horizontal or transverse direction. Twostorage capacitor electrodes 11 which are separated from and parallel toeach other connected to both the gate lines 81 and 82 are formed on thesubstrate 20. The storage capacitor electrodes 11 are longitudinallylay, and they are located at the positions corresponding to theapertures 15 in the common electrode 6 on the common substrate.

[0052] A gate insulating layer 30 covers the storage capacitorelectrodes 11 and the first and the second gate lines 81 and 82. A dataline 9 perpendicular to the gate lines 81 and 82 is formed on the gateinsulating layer 30. A TFT having a gate electrode which is a portion ofthe first gate line 81 is formed at a portion near the intersection ofthe first gate line 81 and the data line 9. A planarized passivationlayer 40 is formed thereon, and a pixel electrode 10 overlapping thefirst and the second gate lines 81 and 82 and the data line 9 is formedon the passivation layer 40. An alignment layer 50 is formed thereon,and the alignment layer 50 may be rubbed or may not.

[0053] Although the linear apertures in the common electrode extendlongitudinally in this embodiment, they may extend horizontally orobliquely.

[0054]FIGS. 6 and 7 are the respective layout views of the common andTFT substrates having horizontal apertures according to the secondembodiment.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 6, a black matrix pattern 7 is formed along theboundary of a pixel region P, and a common electrode 6 is formed tocover the entire surface of the common substrate. The common electrode 6has a plurality of horizontally long linear apertures 15 which arespaced apart from and parallel to each other in a pixel region.

[0056] The width and the distance of the apertures 15 may be the same asthose of the first embodiment.

[0057] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, a first and a second gatelines 81 and 82 which are separated from each other and extendhorizontally and a branch 12 connecting the gate lines 81 and 82extending in a vertical direction are formed on a transparent glasssubstrate 20. A plurality of storage capacitor electrodes 11 which areparallel to each other and to the gate lines 81 and 82 are formed on thesubstrate and connected to the branch 12. The storage capacitorelectrodes 11 are transversely lay, and they are located at thepositions corresponding to the apertures 15 in the common electrode 6 onthe common substrate.

[0058] FIGS. 8-11 are layout views of common and TFT substrates havingoblique apertures according to the third and the fourth embodiments. Inthe third and the fourth embodiment, the apertures make an angle of0°-90° to the data line and the gate line.

[0059] As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, a black matrix pattern 7 is formedalong the boundary of a pixel region P, and a common electrode 6 isformed to cover the entire surface of the common substrate. The commonelectrode 6 has two obliquely long linear apertures 15 which are spacedapart from each other in a pixel region.

[0060] In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8, each pixel has anaperture extending in the down left direction from the up right edge andan aperture extending in the up left direction from the bottom rightedge, and the end of apertures 15 reach the left central edge of thepixel. On the other hand, in the fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG.10, each pixel has two parallel apertures extending in the up right orthe down left direction.

[0061] The width and the distance of the apertures 15 may be the same asthose of the first embodiment.

[0062]FIGS. 9 and 11 are the layout views of TFT substrates according tothe third and the fourth embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] As shown in FIG. 9, a first and a second gate lines 81 and 82which are separated from each other and extend horizontally and a branch12 connecting the gate lines 81 and 82 extending in a vertical directionare formed on a transparent glass substrate 20. Two storage capacitorelectrodes 11 on the substrate extend obliquely from the gate lines 81and 82 to the left center of the pixel region P, and are connected tothe branch 12.

[0064] A TFT substrate illustrated in FIG. 11 has a first and a secondgate lines 81 and 82, a branch 12 and a data line 9 having the sameshapes as those in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 9. Two storagecapacitor electrodes 11 parallel to each other extend obliquely in theup right or the bottom left direction and are connected to the branch12.

[0065] In the third and the fourth embodiments, as in the firstembodiment, the position of the storage capacitor electrodes 11 arecorresponding to the apertures 15 in the common electrode 6 on thecommon substrate to shield the light leakage due to a fringe field.

[0066] In the third and the fourth embodiments of the present invention,the alignment layers formed on the pixel electrode may be rubbed or maynot. When the alignment layers are rubbed, the rubbing direction maymake an angle of 0°-135° with respect to the direction of the linearaperture.

[0067] Next, the fifth embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed. In the fifth embodiment, adjacent pixels have aperturesextending different directions to widen the viewing angle.

[0068]FIG. 12 is a layout view of a common substrate according to thefifth embodiment.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 12, a black matrix pattern 7 is formed anddefines a plurality of pixel regions corresponding to the red, green andblue color filters R, G and B. An ITO electrode 4 having a plurality oflinear apertures 15 is formed thereon. The extending directions of thelinear apertures of adjacent pixel regions are different from eachother, i.e., horizontal apertures and vertical apertures are arrangedalternately by pixel. For example, a red pixel region has verticalapertures and an green pixel region adjacent to the red pixel region hashorizontal apertures.

[0070] It is assumed to display red color using this LCD. Then, the blueand the green pixels remain in their OFF state, and only the red pixelsturn on. If the extending direction of the apertures of a first redpixel is horizontal, and the extending direction of the aperture of asecond red pixel adjacent to the first red pixel is vertical

[0071] Now, the behaviors of the liquid crystal molecules are describedwith reference to FIGS. 13A and 13B in this case.

[0072] The linear apertures 15 of the ITO electrode 4 extends verticallyin FIG. 13A, while the linear apertures 15 of the ITO electrode 4extends horizontally in FIG. 13B.

[0073] Here, the liquid crystal molecules are left-handed, when viewedfrom the bottom of the drawing sheet.

[0074] When the voltage is applied to the electrodes 4 and 5, the liquidcrystal molecules tilt in the directions perpendicular to the directionof the electric field due to the voltage difference between theelectrodes 4 and 5, as shown in FIG. 2. In addition, as shown in FIGS.13A and 13B, the liquid crystal molecules rotate clockwise in xy plane.

[0075] The tilt directions of the liquid crystal molecules varyaccording to the extending directions of the apertures. Since the tiltdirections of the molecules opposite each other with respect to anaperture are opposite, and there are two extending directions of theapertures, the number of the tilt direction is about four, on the Y axisin upper part twist to the right to the X axis, and those on the Y axisin lower part twist to the left to X axis due to the linear apertureformed along the Y axis.

[0076] Since the liquid crystal molecules tilt and rotate in fourdifferent directions, the viewing angles of up, down, left and rightdirections are equal and the gray inversion does not occur.

[0077] Now, the structures of the color filter and the TFT substrateaccording to the fifth embodiment are described more fully.

[0078]FIG. 14 is a layout view of a common substrate showing twoadjacent pixels.

[0079] As shown in FIG. 14, a black matrix pattern 7 which defines pixelregions P1, P2 is formed on the substrate, and a common electrode 6formed thereon.

[0080] The common electrode 6 has two vertical linear apertures 15parallel to each other in the first pixel region P1, and has a pluralityof horizontal linear apertures 15 parallel to each other in the secondpixel region P2 adjacent to the first pixel region P1

[0081] The width and the distance of the apertures may be the same asthose of the first embodiment.

[0082]FIG. 15 is a layout view of a TFT substrate according to the fifthembodiment of the present invention. In a pixel region P1 correspondingto the pixel region P1 on the common substrate in FIG. 14, a first and asecond gate lines 81 and 82 and two vertical storage capacitorelectrodes 11 parallel to each other and connecting the gate lines 81and 82 are formed as those in FIG. 4. In a pixel region P2, a branch 12connecting two gate lines 81 and 82 extends parallel to a data line 9,and a plurality of storage capacitor electrodes 11 extend parallel tothe gate lines 81 and 82 from the branch 12.

[0083] As all the above-described embodiments, the storage capacitorelectrodes 11 are located at the positions corresponding to theapertures 15 in the common electrode 6.

[0084] The storage capacitor electrodes 11 overlaps a pixel electrode 10to form storage capacitors, and play a role of a black matrix to preventthe light leakage caused by the disclination due to the apertures 15 incommon electrode 6.

[0085] The apertures in adjacent pixel regions may have various shapes.FIGS. 16-19 are layout views of the sixth to the ninth embodimentshaving variously shaped apertures in adjacent pixel regions.

[0086] An LCD according to the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 16 hasfirst pixels having apertures shown in FIG. 10 and second pixels havingapertures of shapes which is the same as the apertures in the firstpixels rotated by 180° with respect to the central point of the pixel.In horizontal direction, two kinds of pixels are arranged alternately,and in vertical direction, pixels in a column are the same kind. As awhole, the apertures form a chevron shape in the sixth embodiment, AnLCD according to the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 17 has the samearrangement in the horizontal direction, however, in the verticaldirection, two kinds of pixels are arranged alternately as in thehorizontal direction. In the seventh embodiment, the apertures form achevron shape in a row, but when viewing adjacent rows, the aperturesform X or diamond shapes.

[0087] An LCD according to the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 18 hasfirst pixels having apertures shown in FIG. 8 and the second pixelshaving apertures of shapes which is the same as the apertures in thefirst pixels rotated by 180° with respect to the central point of thepixel. In horizontal direction, two kinds of pixels are arrangedalternately, and in vertical direction, pixels in a column are the samekind. As a whole, the apertures form an X or diamond shape An LCDaccording to the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. 19 has the samearrangement in the horizontal direction, however, in the verticaldirection, two kinds of pixels are arranged alternately as in thehorizontal direction. In the ninth embodiment, the apertures form an Xor diamond shape in a row.

[0088] According to the embodiments of the present invention, columnshaped spacers made of metal or organic material may be used instead ofball shaped spacers since the ball shaped spacers may cause lightleakage due to the disturbance of the liquid crystal molecules near thespacers.

[0089]FIG. 20 shows a sectional view of an LCD having spacers accordingto an embodiment of the present invention. A liquid crystal layer 40 isinterposed between a substrate 10 having a TFT 30 and a substrate 20having a color filter (not shown). The TFT 30 formed on the lowersubstrate 10 includes a gate electrode 31, a gate insulating layer 32formed thereon, a semiconductor layer 33 formed on a portion of the gateinsulating layer 32 over the gate electrode 31, source/drain electrodes341, 342 formed on the semiconductor layer 33. A passivation layer 50covers the entire surface of the substrate 10 having the TFT 30. A pixelelectrode 60 is formed in the pixel region and electrically connected tothe drain electrode 342 through a contact hole in the passivation layer50. A spacer 100 made of a metal or an organic material is formed on theTFT.

[0090] In the embodiments of the present invention, the apertures areformed in the common electrode 6, however, the apertures can be formedin the pixel electrode 10. When the apertures are formed in the pixelelectrode 10, the fringe field generated between the pixel electrode 10and the common electrode 6 may be affected by the voltages applied tothe data line 9, the gate lines 81 and 82 and the storage capacitorelectrode 11. To remove the influence due to the voltage applied tothose signal lines, it is preferable that the thickness of thepassivation layer 50 is equal to or more than 3 μm by using organicinsulating material.

[0091] In the embodiments of the present invention, although the storagecapacitor electrodes 11 are connected to the gate lines 81 and 82, thestorage capacitor electrodes 11 may be connected to another signalsources.

[0092] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the liquidcrystal molecules are tilted in the various directions due to the fringefield to have a wide viewing angle, and the storage capacitor electrodesprevents the light leakage near the fringe field.

[0093] In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosedtypical preferred embodiments of the invention and, although specificterms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive senseonly and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the inventionbeing set forth in the following claims.

1. A liquid crystal display comprising: a first substrate including acommon electrode; and a second substrate opposite the first substrate,the second substrate including a pixel electrode located at a positioncorresponding to the common electrode and a storage capacitor electrodeoverlapping the pixel electrode, wherein one of the pixel electrode andthe common electrode has an aperture and the storage capacitor electrodeis located at a position corresponding to the aperture.
 2. A liquidcrystal display of claim 1 , further comprising a liquid crystal layerhaving negative dielectric anisotropy and interposed between the firstand the second substrates.
 3. A liquid crystal display of claim 2 ,wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a chiral nematic liquidcrystal.
 4. A liquid crystal display of claim 2 , wherein the liquidcrystal layer comprises a nematic liquid crystal including chiral dopantof 0.01 3.0 wt %.
 5. A liquid crystal display of claim 2 , furthercomprising two alignment layers formed on the first and the secondsubstrates respectively and aligning the molecular axes of liquidcrystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer in the directionperpendicular to the substrates.
 6. A liquid crystal display of claim 5, wherein the alignment layers are not rubbed.
 7. A liquid crystaldisplay of claim 1 , wherein the number of the apertures is equal to ormore than two, and the apertures are linear.
 8. A liquid crystal displayof claim 7 , wherein the width of the aperture is in the range of 3-15μm.
 9. A liquid crystal display of claim 8 , wherein the distancebetween the apertures is 8-50 82 m.
 10. A liquid crystal displaycomprising, a first substrate including a plurality of gate lines, aplurality of data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes formed in pixelregions defined by the gate lines and the data lines and a plurality ofstorage capacitor electrodes overlapping the pixel electrodes to formstorage capacitors; and a second substrate opposite the first substrate,the second substrate including a common electrode having a plurality ofapertures located at positions corresponding to the storage capacitorelectrodes.
 11. A liquid crystal display of claim 10 , furthercomprising a liquid crystal layer having negative dielectric anisotropyand interposed between the first and the second substrates.
 12. A liquidcrystal display of claim 11 , wherein the liquid crystal layer comprisesa chiral nematic liquid crystal.
 13. A liquid crystal display of claim11 , wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a nematic liquid crystalincluding 0.01-3.0 wt % of chiral dopant.
 14. A liquid crystal displayof claim 11 , further comprising two alignment layers formed on thefirst and the second substrates respectively and aligning the molecularaxes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer in thedirection perpendicular to the substrates.
 15. A liquid crystal displayof claim 14 , wherein the alignment layers are not rubbed.
 16. A liquidcrystal display of claim 10 , wherein the number of the apertures ineach pixel is equal to or more than two.
 17. A liquid crystal display ofclaim 16 , wherein the apertures are formed linearly and extend parallelto the data line.
 18. A liquid crystal display of claim 16 , wherein theapertures are formed linearly and extend parallel to the gate line. 19.A liquid crystal display of claim 16 , wherein the apertures are formedlinearly and make an angle of 0°-90° about the data line and the gateline.
 20. A liquid crystal display of claim 19 , wherein the aperturesare parallel to each other.
 21. A liquid crystal display of claim 20 ,further comprising two alignment layers formed on the first and thesecond substrates respectively and aligning the molecular axes of liquidcrystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer in the directionperpendicular to the substrates.
 22. A liquid crystal display of claim21 , wherein the alignment layers are rubbed.
 23. A liquid crystaldisplay of claim 22 , wherein the rubbing direction of the alignmentlayers makes an angle of 0-135° about the direction of the aperture. 24.A liquid crystal display of claim 23 , wherein the width of the apertureis in the range of 3-15 μm.
 25. A liquid crystal display of claim 24 ,wherein the distance between the apertures in a pixel region is in therange of 8-50 μm.
 26. A liquid crystal display of claim 10 , wherein thegate line and the storage capacitor electrode are connected to eachother.
 27. A liquid crystal display of claim 2 , further comprising aspacer made of a metal or an organic material.
 28. A liquid crystaldisplay comprising: a first substrate including a plurality of gatelines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes formedin the pixel regions defined by the gate lines and the data lines, and aplurality of storage capacitor electrodes overlapping the pixelelectrodes to form storage capacitors, wherein the pixel electrodes havean aperture located at a position corresponding to the storage capacitorelectrode; and a second substrate opposite the first substrate, thesecond substrate including a common electrode.
 29. A liquid crystaldisplay of claim 28 , further comprising a liquid crystal layer havingnegative dielectric anisotropy and interposed between the first and thesecond substrates.
 30. A liquid crystal display of claim 29 , whereinthe liquid crystal layer comprises a chiral nematic liquid crystal. 31.A liquid crystal display of claim 29 , wherein the liquid crystal layercomprises a nematic liquid crystal including chiral dopant of 0.01-3.0wt %.
 32. A liquid crystal display of claim 28 , further comprising twoalignment layers formed on the first and the second substratesrespectively and aligning the molecular axes of liquid crystal moleculesin the liquid crystal layer in the direction perpendicular to thesubstrates.
 33. A liquid crystal display of claim 32 , wherein thealignment layers are not rubbed.
 34. A liquid crystal display of claim25 , wherein the number of the apertures in each is equal to or morethan two.
 35. A liquid crystal display of claim 34 , wherein theapertures are formed linearly and extend parallel to the data line. 36.A liquid crystal display of claim 34 , wherein the apertures are formedlinearly and extend parallel to the gate line.
 37. A liquid crystaldisplay of claim 34 , wherein the apertures are formed linearly and makean angle of 0°-90° about the data line and the gate line.
 38. A liquidcrystal display of claim 37 , wherein the apertures are parallel to eachother.
 39. A liquid crystal display of claim 38 , further comprising twoalignment layers formed on the first and the second substratesrespectively and aligning the molecular axes of liquid crystal moleculesin the liquid crystal layer in the direction perpendicular to thesubstrates.
 40. A liquid crystal display of claim 39 , wherein thealignment layers are rubbed.
 41. A liquid crystal display of claim 40 ,wherein the rubbing direction of the alignment layers makes an angle of0°-135° about the direction of the aperture.
 42. A liquid crystaldisplay of claim 34 , wherein the width of the aperture is in the rangeof 3-15 μm.
 43. A liquid crystal display of claim 42 , wherein thedistance between the apertures in a pixel region is in the range of 8-50μm.
 44. A liquid crystal display of claim 28 , further comprising anorganic insulating layer disposed between the gate line, the data lineand the storage capacitor electrode and the pixel electrode.
 45. Aliquid crystal display of claim 44 , wherein the thickness of theorganic insulating layer is equal to or more than 3 μm.
 46. A liquidcrystal display of claim 46 , further comprising a spacer made of ametal or an organic material.
 47. A liquid crystal display comprising: afirst substrate including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of datalines and a plurality of pixel electrodes formed in pixel regionsdefined by the gate lines and data lines; and a second substrateopposite to the first substrate and including a common electrode,wherein one of the pixel electrode and the common electrode has a linearaperture, and the apertures in adjacent pixel regions extend indifferent directions.
 48. A liquid crystal display of claim 47 , furthercomprising a storage capacitor electrode formed on the first substrateat the position corresponding to the aperture overlapping the pixelelectrode to form a storage capacitor.
 49. A liquid crystal display ofclaim 48 , wherein the apertures in adjacent pixel regions are parallelto the gate lines and the gate lines respectively.
 50. A liquid crystaldisplay of claim 48 , wherein the aperture in a pixel region makes anangle of 0°-90° about the data line and the gate line, and the aperturesin adjacent pixel regions are symmetric to the boundary line of theadjacent pixel regions.
 51. A liquid crystal display of claim 47 ,wherein the number of the apertures in each pixel is equal to or morethan two.
 52. A liquid crystal display of claim 51 , wherein the widthof the aperture is in the range of 3-15 μm.
 53. A liquid crystal displayof claim 52 , wherein the distance between the apertures in a pixelregion is in the range of 8-50 μm.
 54. A liquid crystal display of claim47 , further comprising a liquid crystal layer having negativedielectric anisotropy and interposed between the first and the secondsubstrates.
 55. A liquid crystal display of claim 54 , wherein theliquid crystal layer comprises a chiral nematic liquid crystal.
 56. Aliquid crystal display of claim 54 , wherein the liquid crystal layercomprises a nematic liquid crystal including chiral dopant of 0.01-3.0wt %.
 57. A liquid crystal display of claim 54 , further comprising twoalignment layers formed on the first and the second substratesrespectively and aligning the molecular axes of liquid crystal moleculesin the liquid crystal layer in the direction perpendicular to thesubstrates.
 58. A liquid crystal display of claim 32 , wherein thealignment layers are not rubbed.
 59. A liquid crystal display of claim54 , further comprising a spacer made of a metal or an organic material.